Pigment and process of making same.



alkali hydrate the excess of the latter acts as UNirnr) STATES PatentedNovember 10, 190%.

AT-VENT rrrcn.

PIGMENT AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 743,802, dated November10, 190d.

.. Application filed JanuaryBO, 1903. Serial lilo. 141,206. (Nospecimens.)

To all whom it maybonocrn:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM J. ARMBRUS- TER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Pigments and Processes of Making theSame, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to improvements in pigments and processes ofmaking the same; and it consists, respectively, in the novel product andthe series of steps more fully set forth in the specification, andpointed out in the claims.

The composition in the present instance consists of barium carbonate andaluminium hydrate or barium carbonate, aluminium hydrate, and bariumsulfate.

Broadly stated, the process contemplates the precipitation of bariumcarbonate and aluminium hydrate or barium carbonate, aluminium hydrate,and barium sulfate from solutions of barium. compounds, barium salts,aluminium salts, and the carbonate or the carbonate and hydrate of analkali metal.

The manner and conditions of bringing the solutions together and thevarious salts of the respective metals applicable in the accomplishmentof my purpose are subject to a wide range of adaptability.

One illustration of my process is as follows: To a solution of bariumhydrate is added a solution of sodium carbonate. Barium carbonate isprecipitated and sodium hydrate formed in solution. The latter is thenadded to a solution of aluminium sul- .fate, when aluminium hydrate isprecipitated and sodium sulfate formed in solution. The reactions may beexpressed as follows:

It should be observed that instead of adding the solution of aluminiumsulfate or other aluminium salt to the sodium hydrate the operationshould be reversed and the sodium hydrate or alkali hydrate should beadded to the aluminium-salt solution. The reason for this is thataluminium hydrate is soluble in an excess of alkali hydrate and thatwhen the aluminium-salt solution is added, especially in dividedportions, to the a solvent on the precipitate, forming an aluminate ofsoda. lnthe reverse order of bringing the solutions together theprecipitate of aluminium hydrate is unacted upon by the aluminium-saltsolution present in excess.

Obviously it will also be necessary to always keep the aluminium-saltsolution somewhat in excess of the alkalimetal hydrate.

A second illustration of my process is as follows: To a solution ofbarium chlorid and a solution of aluminium chlorid, which are mixedtogther, is added asolution of sodium carbonate sufficient in quantityto completely reactwith the barium chlorid and aluminium chlorid,whenthere is precipitated bariu in carbonate and aluminium hydrate andsodium chlorid formed in solution. The reaction in this instance may beexpressed as follows:

Instead of six molecular equivalents of sodium carbonate three molecularequivalents can be used and six molecular equivalents of sodium hydratesubstituted for the three discarded equivalents of sodium carbonate, asshown herewith:

Referring back to the first in order of the illustrated equations, itwill be seen that a final solution of sodium sulfate remained as aby-product of the reactions. If to this solution is added an equivalentsolution of a soluble barium salt, we would have a precipitate formed ofbarium sulfate, the combined product in which case would then consist ofthe precipitates of barium carbonate, aluminium hydrate, and bariumsulfate. If the additional equivalent of barium-salt solution were thesulfid compound of this metal, the reaction could be expressed thus:

loo

are brought together simultaneously, when there are precipitated threeequivalents of barium sulfate, three equivalents of barium carbonate,one equivalent of aluminium by drate, and six equivalents of sodiumchlorid formed in solution, the reactions being as follows:

It will be seen that when the additional barium-salt solution used isthe sulfid compound it is best added after the sodium sulfate is formedin reaction and preferably not used when the solutions are broughttogether simultaneously, in which latter case a barium-saltsolutionsuchas the chlorid, acetate, and nitrate-are better adapted.

It may be remarked here that doubling the quantity of barium-hydratesolution is not adapted to take the place of the portion of barium-saltsolution mentioned, as the chlorid, acetate, nitrate, and sulfid. Forinstance, if we used six molecular equivalents of barium hydrate insteadof three of barium hydrate and three of barium chlorid the finalsolution remaining would be sodium hydrate, which would act as a solventof the precipitated aluminium hydrate and of course dissolve it. Thereactions in illustration of this feature are as follows:

solution. The sodiu m hydrate thereby formedin reaction could not'actupon the aluminiumhydrate precipitate, the same being-in a separatecontainer. The precipitate of barium sulfate could then be recovered andmixed by any suitable means with the barium car bonate and aluminiumhydrate formed in the other container. The following equation will makethis clear:

The sodium-sulfate solution is drained into a separate container andmixed with three equivalents of barium-hyd rate solution, thus:

the precipitates being recovered and mixed as before stated.

Obviously I may substitute the carbonates and hydrates of other alkalimetals for those of sodium without in any Way departing from theprinciple of my invention. I may also invoke the doctrine of chemicalequivalents wherever the same may be applicable.

As a commercial illustration of my process the following may be cited,referring to that form shown in the first reaction illustrated: Separateaqueous solutions of the respective salts are prepared in theproportions specified. Barium hydrate, five hundred and thirteen (513)pounds; sodium carbonate, three hundred and eighteen (318) pounds;aluminium sulfate, three hundred and forty-two (342) pounds. carbonatesolutions are brought together, when five hundred and ninety one (591)pounds of barium carbonate is precipitated and two hundred and forty(240) pounds of sodium hydrate formed in solution. The latter solutionis then added to the aluminiumsulfate solution, when one hundred andfiftysix (156) pounds of aluminium hydrate is precipitated and fourhundred and twenty-six (426) pounds of sodium sulfate formed in solution. If the extended pigment is desired, five hundred and seven (507)pounds of barium sulfid in solution is added to the sodium-sulfatesolution, when six hundred and ninetynine (699) pounds of barium sulfateis pre-' cipitated and two hundred and thirty-four (234) pounds ofsodium sulfid formed in final solution. The pigments are recovered andintimately mixed by any suitable means. The calculation weights givenare based on anhydrous salts. For hydrous salts the proportions shouldbe correspondingly increased. The two hundred and thirty-four (234)pounds of sodium-sulfid solution remaining when subjected toevaporation, crystallizing with nine molecules of water, will form sevenhundred and twenty (720) pounds of crystals.

By the term recovering as used in the claims I mean not only therecovery of the precipitates from the solutions remaining after theirformation, but their subsequent intimate mixture, where such mixture isnecessary or essential. I

While the ultimate product of the process herein set forth is a mixtureof barium carbonate, aluminium hydrate,and barium sulfate, it is to beobserved that this product may be associated with coloring-matter, suchas anilin dyes, and, infact, is suitable for use as a base or mordantfor all precipitable organic colors. Such colors my be introducedsimultaneously with any of the reagents forming the ultimate productreferred to and be precipitated therewith.

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. The process of makingpigment which consists in mixing barium hydrate, the carbonate of analkali metal, and a soluble salt of aluminium, and recovering theresulting precipitates, substantially as set forth.

The barium-hydrate and sodium 2. The process of making pigment whichconsists in mixing barium hydrate, the car-.

bonate of an alkali metal, and aluminium sulfate, and recovering theresulting precipitates, substantially as set forth.

3. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing bariumhydrate, sodium carbonate, and aluminium sulfate, and'recovering theresulting precipitates, substantially as set forth.

4. The process of making pigment composed of barium carbonate andaluminium hydrate which consists in bringing together solutions of acompound of barium, a suit minium, and recovering the resultingprecipitates, substantially as set forth.

7. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing solutions ofbarium hydrate, a salt of barium, the carbonate of an alkali metal, andaluminium sulfate, and recovering the resulting precipitates,substantially as set forth.

8. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing solutions ofbarium hydrate, a salt of barium, sodium carbonate, and a salt ofaluminium, and recovering the resulting precipitates, substantially asset forth.

9. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing solutions ofbarium hydrate, barium chlorid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium sulfate,and recovering the resulting precipitates, substantially as set forth.

10. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing a solution ofbarium hy- (irate with the carbonate of an alkali metal, then adding theresulting solution to a solution ofa saltof aluminium, and recoveringthe resulting precipitates, substantially as set forth.

11. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing a solution ofbarium hydrate with the carbonate of an alkali metal, then adding theresulting solution to a solution of aluminium sulfate, and recoveringthe resulting precipitates, substantially as set forth.

12. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing a solution ofbarium hydrate with the carbonate of an alkali metal, adding theresulting solution to a solution of aluminium sulfate, then addingbarium sulfid to the final solution, and recovering the resultingprecipitates, substantially as set forth.

13. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing a solution ofa compound of barium, a salt of aluminium, and the carbonate of analkali metal, and recovering the resulting precipitates, substantiallyas set forth.

- 14. The process of making pigment which consists in mixing solutionsof a compound of barium, a suitable salt of aluminium, and sodiumcarbonate, and recovering the resulting precipitates, substantially asset forth.

15. A pigment containinga mixture of precipitated barium carbonate, andaluminium hydrate, substantiallyas set forth. p

16. A pigment having as a constituenta mixture of bariumcarbonate, andaluminium hydrate, substantially as set forth.

17. A composition of matter suitable as a base for pigments and colors,comprising a mixture of barium carbonate, aluminium hydrate, and bariumsulfate, substantially as set forth.

18. A pigment composed of a mixture 'of precipitated barium carbonate,aluminium hydrate, and'barium sulfate, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

, WILLIAM J. ARMBRUSTER.

Witnesses:

'EMIL STAREK, G. L. BELFBY.

